Passive vs. Active GPS Tracking: What’s the Difference, and Which One is Right for You?

Passive GPS tracking and active GPS tracking are very similar in many ways–one isn’t necessarily better than the other. Both perform the same function, but the main difference boils down to one factor: time. Specifically, the amount of time that passes between location updates. That affects how and why each is used.

Let’s dive deeper into the differences. We’ll cover the basics of the two types of GPS tracking, their benefits, and common uses, so you'll be armed with the most up-to-date information as you shop for a GPS tracker.

What is Active GPS Tracking?

Active GPS tracking devices don’t just record data, they also send it to an application that can process and display the data–typically, a software application that displays the tracking unit’s location. It does so at a high frequency. 

“High frequency” used to mean a data transmission frequency of once per hour, but modern GPS tracking devices can update every 30-second or even 1-second intervals. This fast update speed allows a person viewing the tracker’s location information to see the device’s position in close to real-time.

For a GPS device to be capable of active tracking, it must have constant access to some type of network that allows for data transmission, like a cellular data network or a wireless internet connection. Some devices can store data while they’re outside of network range and transmit the data in a big batch once they’re able to connect again. 

Who should use Active GPS Tracking?

Active GPS tracking is the best option for individuals or businesses who want to have a real-time view of their mobile assets or vehicles. For example, if you’re managing a fleet of delivery trucks and you want to provide arrival estimates to your customers, active tracking lets you view driver locations so you can advise customers on delivery progress. 

Another potential business application is in the construction business, where heavy machinery frequently moves between job sites. An active GPS tracker can show you exactly where each of your assets are at any given moment, so you can properly allocate your resources and staff.

But it’s not just businesses that can use active GPS tracking. There are smaller, more portable GPS tracking devices that can be placed in a backpack, pocket, or belt holster that can be used to track a person’s movements (with their permission, of course). Think of a child walking to school or going to summer camp, or an elderly family member who wants to balance freedom of movement with safety monitoring. Here, faster update speeds can make a big difference in the event of an emergency.

One thing to keep in mind is that faster GPS updates means more power usage. While this won’t be a problem for GPS trackers that can be plugged into an OBD port or connected to a vehicle battery, it does affect the battery life of a portable GPS tracker. In these cases, it’s possible to slow down the update speed a bit to extend the battery life. 

What is Passive GPS Tracking?

Passive GPS trackers are just a receiver, not a transmitter. Passive GPS trackers are primarily used to log data that the user can download and view later. The GPS still knows where it is at any given moment, but users don’t view the information live. Instead, they see a historical record of the device’s location and movement. This record may cover several hours or days. 

Who should use Passive GPS Tracking?

Passive GPS tracking devices tend to be more compact and affordable than active GPS trackers. They’re most useful for business owners and managers who want to monitor past activity. For example, perhaps you only need to confirm that your crew arrived at their assigned job sites or followed their assigned route, with no need to actively track their movements in real-time. 

Scientists have also used passive GPS tracking to monitor the movements of migratory animals, ocean or air currents, and conduct related experiments. 

What is Hybrid GPS Tracking? 

“Hybrid” GPS tracking is a definition that blurs many lines. Many passive tracking solutions have evolved to incorporate active tracking capabilities like data transmission, but not to the extent that Active GPS tracking devices do. 

By the same token, many Active GPS tracking devices are set to go passive if they can’t get a signal, and then transmit all of the accumulated data once connection has been restored. Also, some active GPS trackers can be set to function in a passive manner, and then reactivate if the tracker exits a geofenced boundary. This can be especially useful in theft recovery scenarios. 

Who Should Use Hybrid GPS Tracking?

Hybrid GPS tracking is ideal for people who want to make sure valuable assets stay in their designated locations on a long-term basis. Business owners might use it to track storage containers, expensive tools, or heavy-duty equipment that’s locked in a yard or storage area. Regular citizens might use it to track boats, RVs, or other equipment that doesn’t get much out-of-season use. 

How do I decide which type of GPS tracking is best for my business?

Sometimes it helps to have a visual comparison of features and benefits, so here’s a simple chart to help you weigh your options. Keep in mind that availability of features may vary depending on which platform or solution you use.

Whether you’re leaning toward an active GPS tracking solution or a passive one, an experienced GPS tracking expert can help ensure you make the right decision for your specific needs. Visit the Spytec GPS contact page to get in touch with one of our knowledgeable representatives today.